Africa is not at peace. More than 30 wars have been fought in the continent since 1970, and most of these have been internal rather than inter-state wars. Conflicts in the continent became more widespread through the 1990s, and changed in nature. By 2000, over half the countries in the region had been directly or indirectly affected by conflict, and most were factional wars. These have no defined front line and fighting is frequently opportunistic rather than strategic. In order to sustain conflict, these wars deliberately seek to involve, exploit and control a significant proportion of the civilian population.